This report of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development has been prepared at the request of G20 Leaders (Hangzhou Summit Communique, 4‐5 September 2016). An initial prototype was prepared for the Third G20 Sherpa Meeting in Xiamen, China, 23‐25 June 2016.This report is based on material from the OECD’s Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 (with data updates where available) and the forthcoming Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016. The latter publication benefits from policy information gathered via the joint European Commission/ OECD International Survey on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP). ContentPART 1: SELECTED INNOVATION INDICATORSEmerging players in the science landscapeMonitoring STI performance and progressFunding long-term, higher-risk researchInnovation for global challengesEnabling the Next Industrial RevolutionAddressing common challenges through international co-operation in science and innovationRaising the quality of sciencePromoting excellenceNurturing talent and skillsInvesting in scientists and engineersPromoting student exchangesFacilitating researcher mobilityPromoting collaboration in innovation among firmsSupporting business innovationEmpowering society with science and technologyPART 2: COUNTRY PROFILES ArgentinaAustraliaBrazilCanadaChinaFranceGermanyIndiaIndonesiaItalyJapanKoreaMexicoRussian FederationSouth AfricaTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited StatesEuropean UnionReaders’ guide
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